造血干细胞移植是治疗,甚至治愈多种血液癌症的重要方法。然而,在移植造血干细胞之前,患者需要接受化疗或放疗清除体内已有的造血干细胞。这一处理手段毒性很大,很多患者因为身体原因,无法接受化疗或者放疗,从而无法接受造血干细胞移植,错失治愈疾病的机会。
Forty Seven公司解决这一难题的策略是不用化疗或者放疗,而是使用抗体特异性消除体内的造血干细胞。该公司开发出一种靶向cKIT的人源化单克隆抗体。它与造血干细胞表面表达的从cKIT抗原相结合能够诱导巨噬细胞吞吃造血干细胞。CD47是细胞表面表达的“别吃我”信号,它可以抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。将抗CD47抗体与抗从cKIT抗体联用,可以增强巨噬细胞吞噬造血干细胞的能力,从而达到清除体内造血干细胞的效果。
该公司的人源化抗cKIT抗体FSI-174,在非人灵长类动物模型中,与抗CD47抗体magrolimab联用,能够显著清除动物体内的造血干细胞。而且,动物体内的成熟免疫细胞并没有被清除。
下一步,Forty Seven公司将开展临床试验,检验这一造血干细胞清除方法在人体中的安全性和效果。如果在人体试验中获得成功,它有可能大幅度提高适于接受造血干细胞移植的患者比例。
参考资料:
[1] 2019 American Society of Hematology’s 61st Annual Meeting Roche Analyst Audio Webcast. Retrieved December 10, 2019, from https://www.roche.com/dam/jcr:5f933ea8-3e43-40dc-9e97-5a2c6370bdc9/en/irp20191210.pdf
[2] ASH 2019 INVESTOR PRESENTATION. Retrieved December 10, 2019, from https://s21.q4cdn.com/104148044/files/doc_presentations/2019/BMY-ASH-2019.pdf
[3] Ash 2019 – Johnson & Johnson overshadows Bluebird’s registrational reveal. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from https://www.evaluate.com/vantage/articles/events/conferences/ash-2019-johnson-johnson-overshadows-bluebirds-registrational.
[4] Ash 2019 – Roche doesn’t disappoint with bispecific. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from https://www.evaluate.com/vantage/articles/events/conferences/ash-2019-roche-doesnt-disappoint-bispecific
[5] Preliminary Safety and AntiTumor Activity of XmAb13676, an Anti-CD20 x Anti-CD3 Bispecific Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Retrieved December 10, 2019, from https://investors.xencor.com/static-files/7a80a48f-2274-433f-ba9a-69d8a7faf428
[6] Safety and Preliminary Clinical Activity of REGN5458, an Anti-BCMA x Anti-CD3 Bispecific Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Retrieved December 10, 2019, from https://investor.regeneron.com/static-files/67055c32-348a-4851-b6e6-b03c535af879
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